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So how does the wearable resistance (WR) affect swimming performance? We have done minimal research in this area so far, but here is what we have found, via Ellen Quirke’s Master’s thesis.

The physiological responses to proximal upper arm loads of 0-500g per arm during sub-maximal 200m freestyle swimming were investigated in 15 national level swimmers (age: 16-24 years, 7 male & 8 female, average 200m PB: 126.31 ± 10.46sec).

What was noted was that the 100-300g loads produced little change in swim times, blood lactate (BL) and heart rate (HR). The 400-500g loads increased BL (↑0.74 to ‍↑2.40mmol-1, Effect Size: 0.41 to 1.29) in males whilst they maintained submaximal speeds. Females BL on the other hand remained unchanged and swim times increased substantially (1.9 to 2.6%). HR was unaffected in both genders.

It would seem lighter arm loads can be used to overload the stroke/shoulder musculature with minimal effects to performance parameters in both genders, however, males seem better able to tolerate the heavier 400-500g loads.

There is a tremendous opportunity for a load of original and novel research in this area to inform better swim training.